REFORMASI TATA KELOLA INVESTASI DI INDONESIA: KEPASTIAN PERATURAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI BERKELANJUTAN
Keywords:
Tata Kelola Investasi; Hukum Investasi; Kepastian Regulasi; Reformasi Regulasi; Pembangunan BerkelanjutanAbstract
Investasi mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia, namun kontribusinya bergantung pada kualitas dan prediktabilitas kerangka hukum dan kelembagaan yang mengaturnya. Penelitian ini mengkaji reformasi tata kelola investasi di Indonesia dengan fokus pada hubungan antara kepastian regulasi dan pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analitis. Bahan hukum primer meliputi Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal, Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Cipta Kerja, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 tentang Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko, serta peraturan terkait. Bahan hukum sekunder berupa publikasi ilmiah nasional dan internasional hingga tahun 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reformasi tata kelola investasi dilakukan melalui penyederhanaan regulasi, integrasi perizinan elektronik, dan penerapan perizinan berbasis risiko. Namun, fragmentasi regulasi, koordinasi kelembagaan, inkonsistensi implementasi, serta integrasi aspek lingkungan dan sosial masih memengaruhi kepastian regulasi. Kepastian regulasi perlu dipahami sebagai kemampuan sistem hukum dan kelembagaan menyediakan aturan yang jelas, konsisten, transparan, dan dapat diprediksi, sekaligus mempertahankan kapasitas negara untuk melindungi kepentingan publik. Penelitian ini mengusulkan Kerangka Reformasi Tata Kelola Investasi Terintegrasi yang mencakup koherensi regulasi, koordinasi kelembagaan, perizinan yang dapat diprediksi, integrasi keberlanjutan, serta akuntabilitas dan penyelesaian sengketa.
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