KEPASTIAN HUKUM DALAM HUKUM INVESTASI INDONESIA: TANTANGAN REGULASI DAN PERLINDUNGAN INVESTOR
Keywords:
Hukum Penanaman Modal; Perlindungan Investor; Kepastian Hukum; Koherensi Peraturan; Reformasi RegulasiAbstract
Kepastian hukum merupakan elemen mendasar dalam menciptakan iklim investasi yang dapat diprediksi dan memastikan perlindungan yang efektif bagi investor. Indonesia telah melakukan reformasi regulasi penanaman modal secara substansial melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal, Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang, dan pengembangan peraturan perizinan berusaha berbasis risiko. Namun demikian, perubahan peraturan, ketentuan sektoral yang tumpang tindih, kebijaksanaan administratif, dan perbedaan implementasi antar lembaga pemerintah dapat terus menciptakan ketidakpastian bagi investor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan kepastian hukum dalam hukum investasi Indonesia, mengidentifikasi tantangan regulasi yang mempengaruhi perlindungan investor, dan merumuskan kerangka hukum terpadu untuk memperkuat kepastian investasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analitis. Bahan hukum primer terdiri dari peraturan perundang-undangan penanaman modal dan peraturan pelaksanaannya, sedangkan bahan sekunder meliputi literatur ilmiah dan penelitian terdahulu mengenai hukum penanaman modal, kepastian hukum, dan perlindungan investor. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa kepastian hukum tidak hanya diukur dari keberadaan peraturan penanaman modal, namun juga konsistensi, koherensi, transparansi, prediktabilitas, dan keberlakuannya. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada usulan kerangka kepastian hukum terpadu yang menghubungkan koherensi peraturan, transparansi perizinan, konsistensi kelembagaan, penyelesaian sengketa yang efektif, dan perlindungan investor sebagai komponen yang saling memperkuat dalam sistem hukum investasi Indonesia.
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